ᴛʜᴇ ᴛɪᴍᴇs ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀ-ᴄʜᴀɴɢɪɴ' - 1961-63


                84 - 86

as 1960 progress, "change train" pick up speed

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         Classical Music
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1961 - Francis Perulenc's Gloria premier

neo Classical - adhere to older composition values

died in native France in 1963

African Americans - Hale Smith, William Grant
Still, Ulysses Kay

Kay's Fantasy Variations (1963)

use tone clusters, polychords, whole tone melodies

reveals theme in the final section

John Cage - philosophical leader of avant garde in US

lectures, gave speeches, artist's clubs, publish articles

1961 - excerpts gathered into Silence

publish 5 other books

19c - symphony, 20c- innovation

Dmitri Shostakovich - known exclusively for symphonies

1961 - Symphony No.12 - patriotic, dedicated to Lenin

1962 - Symphony No. 13 - based on Babi Yar poems
by dissident poet Yevgeny Yevushenko tells of anti
Semetic massacre by Nazis during Ukraine occupation,
Soviet's failure to erect monument to victims

dissonant passages, bitonal sections, Jewish melodies

audience reaction favorable, official reaction not

Karlheinz Stockhausen - Momento - premier in 1962

no electronic instruments (other than 2 electric organs)

percussion, trumpets, trombones, 4 small choruses,
soprano soloist

control: brands of percussion instruments,where and how
to strike drums, platforms of specific heights, scale
drawing of stage, how microphones are used

no control: different sections performed in different orders

text in multiple languages, no language

sing specific and unspecified pitched,whisper, shout, speak,
clap, shuffle, babble incoherently

series of percussion instruments from cardboard tubes

avant garde - innovation for sake of innovation

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