ᴛᴇxᴛᴜʀᴇ, ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛᴇʀᴘᴏɪɴᴛ, ɪɴsᴛʀᴜᴍᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛɪᴍʙʀᴇ

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melody, rhythm, harmony affect how performance sounds

texture has specific meaning

describes what's going on at once

monophonic - single, unaccompanied melodic line

Steve Reich's Piano Phrase

unison - multiple instruments, same melody

homophonic - melody and harmonic accompaniment

Bob Dylan's The Times They Are A-Changing

polyphonic - 2+ melodies unfold simultaneously

counterpoint - different melodies, follow same beat, fit
into same progression

imitative polyphony - staggered entrances

heterophony - different version of same melody

instrumentation - combination of instruments used

arranging - take existing piece, give instructions

each instrument has unique pattern of overtones

clarinet - 1st and 3rd partials strongest, similar to pure
sine wave

church bells - overtones drown out fundamental

timbre - tone colour, affected by thickness and density

Penderecki's Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima -
traditional instruments, non traditional technique

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    Dynamics, Articulation,
          Ornamentation

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Dynamics - loudness and softness of sound

full name of piano is "pianoforte"

crescendo - gradual increase in dynamics

decrescendo - gradual decrease in dynamics

articulation - mechanics of starting and ending a sound

staccato - shorten duration of note

legato - smooth, connected

pizzicato - use fingers to pluck strings

accent - more sudden sound, space not needed

ornamentation - localized embellishments

trill - rapid oscillation between 2 notes

Miles Davis's Concierto de Aranjuez solo embellished in

same manner as flamenco guitarist would