ᴛʜʀᴇɴᴏᴅʏ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪᴄᴛɪᴍs ᴏғ ʜɪʀᴏsʜɪᴍᴀ (1969) - ᴋʀʏsᴢᴛᴏғ ᴘᴇɴᴅᴇʀᴇᴄᴋɪ

                44 - 48

Krysztof Penderecki (b. 1933) - 26 when he
complete composition

original title 8'37"

refer to victims of atomic bomb dropped on 
Japan by US at end of WWII

threnody - song of lamentation for the dead,
connotation of wailing

did not use traditional pitch notation

bend pitches up or down to notes in between

only general idea of speed of oscillation is given

tremolo - italian word, same root as "tremble"

developed series of graphic symbols to depict sounds

use timeline, place symbols linearly

70 sections, 4-30 seconds

each section was different, no repetitive form

more dissonant than tone clusters developed by 
Henry Cowell

52 parts: 24 violins, 10 violas, 10 cellos, 8 basses

each player has individual part

violins only divided into 4 parts in beginning

techniques not common in early 1960s, other composers
adopt after Penderecki's success

not music of melody, harmony, or rhythm, but of gestures,
shapes, textures

ends with all 52 players on different note

final block lasts for 30 seconds, start loud, end soft

nasal sounding bow through normal placement to 
mellow sound

fades to nothing