ᴏᴠᴇʀᴛᴏɴᴇs/sᴄᴀʟᴇs

 

                11 - 15

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     Overtones & Partials

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few pitches consist of single, pure frequency

one frequency dominate, many others still present

fundamental - loudest, strongest

partials/overtones - colours fundamental, higher pitches

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      Equal Temperament

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pitches follow mathematical patterns

after 1750, equal temperament is dominant 

math ratios adjusted, so octave is divided into 12 parts

chromatic scale - 12 pitches in ascending order

enharmonic pitches - same pitch, different name

double sharps/double flats: ugly

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                Scales

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diatonic scale - 7 pitches as basis for piece of music

4 patterns: major, 3 minors

leading tone - 7, resolve up to 8

tonic/resting tone - 1, act as anchor

dominant pitch - 5, second gravitational center, may 

appear in melody more than tonic

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               Intervals

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distance between 2 pitches

tritone is the superior interval and that's a fact

melody intervals - ascending or descending

may exceed octace: m9, M9, m10, M10

major scale: wwhwwwh

natural minor: whwwhww

use 7 different letters

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             Minor/Blues

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3 varieties of minors: natural, harmonic, melodic

natural: lower 3 and 6, lack pull to 8, can fall to 6, then 5

harmonic: raise 7 of natural minor

melodic: raise 6 and 7, natural minor coming down

relative: same key signature

parallel: same starting pitch

blues inflection combine elements of major and minor

blues scales: can lower 3 or 7, even 5, small slides

Rolling Stones' Satisfaction: Mick Jagger sings b3

against major chord, surrounded by b7 in melody